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Life cycle boundary — hover each stage
PRODUCT STAGE (A1–A3)
A1Raw materials
Extraction and processing of raw materials. Usually the largest share of embodied carbon for most construction products.
A2Transport
Transport of raw materials to the manufacturing plant.
A3Manufacturing
Energy and process emissions at the factory where the product is made.
CONSTRUCTION (A4–A5)
A4To site
Transport from factory gate to construction site. Set distance and vehicle type in the A4–A5 tab.
A5On site
Site energy use and material waste during installation.
USE PHASE — NOT INCLUDED
B1–5Use & maintenance
Not included. Requires project-specific service life data.
B6–7Energy & water
Operational energy and water use. Not included in this version.
END OF LIFE (C1–C4)
C1Demolition
Energy for deconstruction at end of life. Typically small relative to A1–A3.
C2Transport
Waste transport to processing or disposal facility.
C3Processing
Sorting, shredding and reprocessing of waste material.
C4Disposal
Final landfill or incineration without energy recovery.
BEYOND
DNet benefit
Recycling / reuse credit beyond the system boundary. Reported separately — never added to A1–C4 total per EN 15804+A2:2019.
A1–A3 includedA4–A5 included (optional inputs)C1–C4 included (per EOL scenario)B1–B7 not includedD reported separately
ⓘ Module D = 0 for landfill means no material or energy is recovered — zero credit is correct, not a gap. For timber and plastics, landfill also causes long-term methane not captured in these generic C4 factors.
Project
Generic emission factors from the ICE Database v3.0 (University of Bath, 2019). Use when no product-specific EPD is available. Open ICE database ↗
⚠ All pre-loaded product values are from publicly published EPDs. Links to original EPDs are shown. Always verify the current EPD before using in a formal report — EPDs expire and manufacturers update declarations. If you find an error, use the "Report" button.
Select a material above, enter a quantity and click Add.
Material / product
Qty
A1–A3 GWP
Source
EOL
A4 and A5 require project-specific data. Defaults are illustrative. Sources: ECTA 2011 transport factors; IEA 2023 grid intensities.
A4 — Transport to site
A5 — Construction process
Waste factor adds % of A1–A3 GWP representing material cut-offs, breakage and over-ordering on site. Typical range: 2–10%.
⚠ Landfill is not always highest-impact — for inert materials (concrete, glass) it is low. For timber and plastics, landfill causes long-term methane not captured in these generic C4 factors. Module D = 0 for landfill is correct — no material or energy is recovered. Module D credits are ALWAYS reported separately and never added to the A1–C4 total (EN 15804+A2:2019).
Add materials first.
Enter GWP values exactly as declared in a verified EPD. The declared unit must match the quantity you enter when adding this material — otherwise the calculation will be wrong.
Module D: Enter only if your EPD declares it. Leave blank if not — FastLCA will not estimate it for EPD materials to avoid misrepresentation.
GWP values (kg CO₂e per declared unit) — enter only declared modules
Leave fields empty for undeclared modules. Only enter 0 if the EPD explicitly states zero for that module.
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Results — GWP by life cycle stage
Material contribution to A1–A3
Data sources used
⚠ Disclaimer: FastLCA provides indicative estimates only and does not constitute a certified LCA, EPD or regulatory declaration. Generic A1–A3 values: ICE Database v3.0 (University of Bath, 2019). Transport factors: ECTA (2011). Generic C1–C4 and Module D values: estimated from published EPD ranges — not from a single verified source. Pre-loaded product EPD values are taken from publicly published declarations — verify current EPDs before formal use. User-entered EPD values are not verified by FastLCA. Module D is reported separately and excluded from A1–C4 totals per EN 15804+A2:2019. Use phase (B1–B7) not included. For regulatory or compliance purposes, commission a certified LCA practitioner. FastLCA v0.3 — hello@fastlca.com